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Everything about 1918 totally explainedYear 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday
of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1918
January
February
February 1 - Russia switches from the Julian calendar to the Gregorian calendar, date skips to February 14.
February 16 - The Council of Lithuania adopts the Act of Independence of Lithuania, declaring Lithuania's independence from the Russian Empire.
February 24 - After 7 centuries of foreign rule, Estonia declares its independence from the Russian Empire. The country is occupied by Germany the next day. Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia also declare their independence from the Russian Empire but as the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic..
March
March 1 - German submarine U 19 sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island, Northern Ireland.
March 3 - World War I: Germany, Austria and Bolshevist Russia sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending Russia's involvement in the war.
March 4 - A soldier at Camp Fuston, Kansas falls sick with the first confirmed case of the Spanish Flu.
March 5 - The Soviet Russia moves its national capital from Petrograd to Moscow
March 6 - Finnish Air Force founded. The blue swastika is adopted as its symbol as a tribute to the Swedish explorer and aviator Eric von Rosen who donated the first plane. Von Rosen had painted the Buddhist symbol on the plane as his personal lucky insignia.
March 7 - World War I: Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
March 12 – Moscow becomes the capital of Soviet Russia.
March 19 - The U.S. Congress establishes time zones and approves daylight saving time (DST went into effect on March 31).
March 21 - World War I: Second Battle of the Somme begins.
March 23
- The giant German cannon, the so-called Paris Gun begins to shell Paris from 114 km (75 miles) away.
- In London at the Wood Green Empire, Chung Ling Soo (William E Robinson, US-born magician) dies during his trick where he was supposed to "catch" two separate bullets – one of them perforates his lung. He dies the following morning in hospital.
- The Social Revolutionary Party declares Belarus independent; Bolshevik armies soon crush them.
March 25 - for the first time Belarus declares independence.
March 27 - Bessarabia votes for becoming a part of Romania.
April
April 1 - The Royal Flying Corps and the Royal Naval Air Service are merged to form the Royal Air Force.
May
May 1 - German troops enter Don province; they take Rostov May 6.
May 2 - General Motors acquires the Chevrolet Motor Company of Delaware.
May 11 - The Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus was officially established.
May 15 - The Post Office Department (later renamed the USPS) begins the first regular airmail service in the world (between New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, DC).
May 16 - The Sedition Act of 1918 is approved by US Congress.
May 20 - The small town of Codell, Kansas was hit for the third year in a row by a tornado in 1918. Coincidentally, all three tornadoes hit on May 20th, 1916, 1917, and 1918 respectively.
May 26 - The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic is abolished. Georgia declares its independence as the Democratic Republic of Georgia.
May 27 - The Third Battle of The Aisne commenced.
May 28 - Armenia and Azerbaijan declare their independence as the Democratic Republic of Armenia and the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic respectively.
June
June 1 - World War I: Battle for Belleau Wood begins.
June 22 - Suspects in the Chicago Restaurant Poisonings arrested and more than 100 waiters taken into custody for poisoning restaurant customers with a lethal powder called Mickey Finn (drugs).
July
July 3- The Siberian Expedition is launched to extract the Czechoslovak Legion from the Russian civil war.
July 4 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Mehmed V (Resad) (1909-1918) to Mehmed VI (1918-1922).
July 9 - Great train wreck of 1918: In Nashville, Tennessee, an inbound local train collides with an outbound express killing 101.
July 13 - The National Czechoslovak Committee was established.
July 15 - World War I: Second Battle of the Marne - The battle begins near the River Marne with a German attack.
July 17 - By order of the Bolshevik Party and carried out by Cheka, Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, his immediate family, and retainers were murdered at the Ipatiev House in Ekaterinburg, Russia.
July 17 - RMS Carpathia, the rescue ship of the RMS Titanic, is sunk off the coast of Ireland by the Underseeboat 55 with 5 lives lost.
August
August - "Spanish Flu" Influenza becomes pandemic; over twenty-five million people die in the following six months (almost twice as many as died during the war).
August 1
August 8 - World War I: Battle of Amiens - Canadian troops, backed by Australians, begin a string of almost continuous victories with a push through the German front lines. German General Erich Ludendorff will later call this the "black day of the German army."
August 30
- Strike of 20,000 London policemen with demands of increased pay and union recognition.
- Fanya Kaplan tries to shoot Lenin. Petrograd head of Cheka is assassinated the same day.
September
September 11 - The Boston Red Sox defeat the Chicago Cubs for the 1918 World Series championship, their last World Series win until 2004. They won again in 2007.
September 29 - Bulgaria requests an armistice in World War I.
October
October 3 - Kaiser makes Max von Baden German chancellor.
October 3 - Abdication of King Ferdinand of Bulgaria in the wake of the collapse of the Bulgarian military position in World War I. He is succeeded by his son, Boris III.
October 8 - World War I - In the Argonne Forest in France, US Corporal Alvin C. York almost single-handedly kills 25 German soldiers and captures 132.
October 11 -The city of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico and other adjacent towns was nearly destroyed by an 7.5 earthquake and a tsunami.
October 15 - The great spiritual teacher Sri Sai Baba of Shirdi attained his MAHASAMADHI
October 18
- Washington Declaration proclaimed the independent Czechoslovak Republic.
October 25 - The Princess Sophia sinks on Vanderbilt Reef near Juneau, Alaska, 353 people die in the greatest maritime disaster in the Pacific Northwest.
October 28
October 30
October - Mammy Lou becomes the oldest person to ever star in a film, at age 114.
November
November 1
November 3
- World War I: Austria-Hungary enters an armistice with the Allies.
- Poland declares its independence from Russia.
November 4
November 6 - A new Polish government is proclaimed in Lublin.
November 8 - German army withdraws its support of the Kaiser
November 9
November 11
November 12 - Austria becomes a republic.
November 14
November 16
November 18 - Latvia declares its independence from Russia.
November 22
November 26 - the Podgorica Assembly voted for "union of the people", declaring a joining into the Kingdom of Serbia
November 28 - Estonian Freedom War: Bolshevist Russia invades Estonia, beginning of the war. A socialist republic is established in Narva the next day.
November 30 - Ernest Ansermet conducts the first concert by the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande.
December
December 1
- Iceland becomes a self-governing kingdom, yet remains in personal union with the king of Denmark who also becomes king of the Kingdom of Iceland.
- New voting laws in Sweden: votes no longer dependent on taxable assets; one person, one vote.
- Proclamation of Union of Alba Iulia. Following the March 27 incorporation of Bessarabia and Bucovina, Transylvania unites with Romania.
- The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later known as the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) is proclaimed.
December 4 - US President Woodrow Wilson sails for the Paris Peace Conference, becoming the first US president to travel to Europe while in office.
December 20 - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk returned to the Czechoslovak Republic.
December 27 - Beginning of Great Poland Uprising, the Poles in Greater Poland (or Grand Duchy of Poznań) rise against the Germans.
December 28 - Constance Markiewicz becomes the first woman elected to the British House of Commons.
December 31 – A British-brokered ceasefire ends two weeks of Armeno-Georgian fighting.
Undated
Habsburg Empire ceases to exist.
Grand Duchy of Baden ceases to exist.
British occupy Palestine
Native American Church is formally founded.
Association Against the Prohibition Amendment founded to promote repeal of prohibition in U.S.
United Business Media founded in London (as United Newspapers Ltd.)
The last captive Carolina Parakeet dies at Cincinnati Zoo - the last breed of parrot native to North America.
Ongoing
Finnish Civil War between the Reds and the Whites, from January - April.
Katla erupts in Iceland, from 12 October - 4 November.
Births
January - February
January 1 - Patrick Anthony Porteous, Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross (d. 2000)
January 10 - Arthur Chung, President of Guyana
January 15 - Gamal Abdal Nasser, 2nd President of Egypt (d. 1970)
January 16
January 19 - John H. Johnson, American publisher (d. 2005)
January 20 - Juan García Esquivel, Mexican bandleader (d. 2002)
January 21 - Richard D. Winters, U.S. Army officer
January 23 - Gertrude B. Elion, American scientist recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1999)
January 24 - Oral Roberts, American neo-Pentecostal televangelist
January 25 - Ernie Harwell, American baseball sportscaster
January 26
January 27
January 29 - John Forsythe, American actor
February 1 - Muriel Spark, Scottish author (d. 2006)
February 2 - Hella Haasse, Dutch writer
February 3
February 4
February 6 - Lothar-Günther Buchheim, German author (d. 2007)
February 7 - Markey Robinson, Irish painter (d. 1999)
February 8 - Fred Blassie, American professional wrestler (d. 2003)
February 12 - Julian Schwinger, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
February 15 - Allan Arbus, Dr. Sidney Freedman on M*A*S*H
February 16 - Patty Andrews, American singer (The Andrews Sisters)
February 17 - William Bronk, American poet (d. 1999)
February 20 - Ben Klassen, founder of the Creativity racist sect. (d. 1993)
February 22
February 25
February 26 - Theodore Sturgeon, American writer (d. 1985)
March - April
March 1
March 3
March 4 - Margaret Osborne duPont, former American female tennis player
March 5 - James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
March 9
March 11 - Jack Coe, American evangelist (d. 1956)
March 12 - Elaine de Kooning, American artist (d. 1989)
March 15 - William McIntyre, Canadian Puisne Justice
March 16 - Frederick Reines, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
March 17 - Mercedes McCambridge, American actress (d. 2004)
March 18 - Bob Broeg, American sports writer (d. 2005)
March 20 - Jack Barry, American television game show host and producer (d. 1984)
March 22 - Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (d. 1997)
March 23 - Émile Derlin Zinsou, President of Benin
March 25 - Howard Cosell, American attorney, lecturer, and sports journalist (d. 1995)
March 29
March 30 - Joseph Allen (Jr.), American actor (d. 1962)
April 8 - Betty Ford, First Lady of the United States
April 9 - Jørn Utzon, Danish architect
April 16 - Spike Milligan, Irish comedian (d. 2002)
April 17 - William Holden, American actor (d. 1981)
April 18 - Clifton Hillegass, American author, founder of CliffsNotes (d. 2001)
April 20 - Kai Siegbahn, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)
April 22 - Mickey Vernon, baseball player
April 22 - William Jay Smith, American poet
April 26 - Fanny Blankers-Koen, Dutch athlete (d. 2004)
May - June
May 1 - Jack Paar, American television show host (d. 2004)
May 3 - Benjamin C. Thompson, American architect (d. 2002)
May 9
May 11 - Richard Feynman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
May 12 - Julius Rosenberg, American-born Soviet spy (d. 1953)
May 15 -
May 16 - Wilf Mannion, English footballer (d. 2000)
May 17 - Birgit Nilsson, Swedish soprano (d. 2005)
May 19 - Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American physicist (d. 2000)
May 20 - Edward B. Lewis, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
May 23 - Frank Mancuso, major league baseball player and politician (d. 2007)
May 27 - Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan, 1982-87
May 30 (towards) - Károly Doncsecz, Slovenian potter, Master of folk art (d. 2002)
June 4 - Johnny Klein, American drummer (d. 1997)
June 6 - Edwin G. Krebs, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
June 8 - Robert Preston, American Actor in The Music Man (d. 1987)
June 18
July - August
July 4
July 5 - George Rochberg, American composer (d. 2005)
July 6 - Sebastian Cabot, American Actor (d. 1977)
July 9 - Jarl Wahlström, Salvation Army General (d. 1999)
July 13 - Alberto Ascari, Italian race car driver (d. 1955)
July 14 - Ingmar Bergman, Swedish film director (d. 2007)
July 15 - Bertram N. Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2003)
July 16 - Bayani Casimiro, Filipino dancer and actor (d. 1989)
July 17 - Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, President of Guatemala (d. 2003)
July 18 - Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
July 24 - Ruggiero Ricci, Italian-born violinist
July 25 - Jane Frank, American artist (d. 1986)
July 27 - Leonard Rose, American cellist (d. 1984)
July 29 - Edwin O'Connor, American novelist and Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner (d. 1968)
July 31 - Paul D. Boyer, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
August 3 - Sidney Gottlieb, American Central Intelligence Agency official (d. 1999)
August 5 - Betty Oliphant, co-founder of National Ballet of Canada (d. 2004)
August 8 - Brian Stonehouse, English painter and World War II spy (d. 1998)
August 13 - Frederick Sanger, English biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate
August 25 - Leonard Bernstein, American composer and conductor (d. 1990)
August 26 - Hutton Gibson, Mel Gibson's father; a writer on religion
August 30 - Ted Williams, American baseball player (d. 2002)
September - October
September 3 - Helen Wagner, American actress/Soap opera star
September 4 - Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster
September 8 - Derek Harold Richard Barton, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
September 13 - Rosemary Kennedy, sister of President of the United States John F. Kennedy (d. 2005)
September 17 - Chaim Herzog, 6th President of Israel 1983–93 (d. 1997)
September 19 - Robert S. Strauss, Democratic National Committee Chairman, Jimmy Carter's Presidential Campaign Chairman.
September 21 - John Gofman, American Manhattan Project scientist and advocate (d. 2007)
September 22 - Henryk Szeryng, Polish-born violinist (d. 1988)
September 27 - Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1984)
October 4 - Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
October 8 - Jens Christian Skou, Danish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
October 9 - E. Howard Hunt, Coordinated Watergate break-in (d. 2007)
October 17 - Rita Hayworth, American actress (d. 1987)
October 18 - Constantine Mitsotakis, former Greek Prime Minister
October 19 - Louis Althusser, French philosopher (d. 1990)
October 23 - Augusta Dabney, American actress
October 27
October 31 - Ian Stevenson, American parapsychologist (d. 2007)
November - December
November 3
November 4 - Art Carney, American actor (d. 2003)
November 7 - Billy Graham, American Evangelist, Spiritual Adviser to Multiple U.S. Presidents
November 9 - Spiro Agnew, American Vice President (d. 1996)
November 10 - Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
November 13 - Jack Elam, American actor (d. 2003)
November 29 - Madeleine L'Engle, American author (d. 2007)
November 30 - Efrem Zimbalist, Jr, American Actor ~ Voice Reading the Audio Bible
December 8 - Gérard Souzay, French baritone (d. 2004)
December 9 - Jerome Beatty, Jr., author of children's literature (d. 2002)
December 11 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
December 12 - Joe Williams, American jazz singer (d. 1999)
December 15 - Jeff Chandler, American actor (d. 1961)
December 21
December 23
December 25 - Anwar Sadat, President of Egypt, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1981)
Deaths
January - June
January 6 - Georg Cantor, German mathematician (b. 1845)
January 8 - Ellis H. Roberts, American politician (b. 1827)
January 9 - Émile Reynaud, French science teacher and maker of the first animated films (b. 1844)
January 28 - John McCrae, Canadian soldier and poet (b. 1872)
February 6 - Gustav Klimt, Austrian painter (b. 1862)
February 10 - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1833)
February 23 - Adolf Friedrich VI, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1882)
March 10 - Jim McCormick, baseball player (b. 1856)
March 13 - César Cui, Lithuanian composer (b. 1835)
March 23 - T. P. Cameron Wilson, poet and novelist (killed in action) (b. 1888)
March 25 - Claude Debussy, French composer (b. 1862)
March 27 - Henry Adams, American historian (b. 1838)
April 5 - George Tupou II, king of Tonga (b. 1874)
April 20 - Karl Ferdinand Braun, German phyicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
April 22 - Manfred von Richthofen, "Red Baron", German World War I pilot (b, 1892)
April 28 - Gavrilo Princip, assassin of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1894)
May 14 - James Gordon Bennett, Jr., American newspaper publisher (b. 1841)
May 19 - Raoul Lufbery, American World War I pilot (b. 1885)
May 30 - Georgi Plekhanov, Russian revolutionary and Marxist theoretician (b. 1856)
June 1 - Roderic Dallas, Australian air ace (killed in action) (b. 1891)
June 10 - Arrigo Boito, Italian poet and composer (b. 1842)
July - December
July 3 - Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1844)
July 16 (N.S.) - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia (b. 1868). and his family:
July 22 - Indra Lal Roy, Indian World War I pilot (killed in combat) (b. 1898)
July 29 - Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (b. 1863)
August 1 - John Riley Banister, American law officer, cowboy, and Texas Ranger (b. 1854)
August 10 - Jean Brillant, Canadian VC recipient (killed in action) (b. 1890)
August 18 - Henry Norwest, Canadian World War I sniper (b. 1884)
September 12 - George Reid, fourth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1845)
September 28 - Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (b. 1858)
September 28 - Freddie Stowers, American soldier (b. 1896)
October 5 - Roland Garros, French pilot (shot down) (b. 1888)
October 11 - Wallace Lloyd Algie, Canadian VC recipient (killed in action) (b. 1891)
October 15 - Sai Baba of Shirdi, Indian guru and fakir (b. circa 1838)
October 22 - Myrtle Gonzalez, American stage and screen actress (b. 1891)
November 2 - Hugh Cairns (VC) Canadian Victoria Cross Recipient From Saskaton, SK
November 4 - Wilfred Owen, English poet (killed in action) (b. 1893)
November 9 - Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880)
November 19 - Joseph Fielding Smith, sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1838)
December 11 - Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer (b. 1876)
December 28 - Olavo Bilac, Brazilian poet (b. 1865)
Nobel prizes
Physics - Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
Chemistry - Fritz Haber
Medicine - not awarded
Literature - not awarded
Peace - not awarded
Mark Harlost(1988)-head of plastic surgeryFurther Information
Get more info on '1918'.
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